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Types of pipe
Notes:
- There are two main types of plumbing pipes, copper and plastic. Copper pipes have been used by plumbers for years. They are strong, durable, and don’t rust. More importantly, the copper doesn’t infiltrate the water changing its quality. However, they are less flexible than plastic and will need a greater number of joins.
- Plastic or PEX pipes are very flexible, making them easy to install and run around corners. This type of pipe is usually color-coded, making it easier to identify after the installation.
- What you see in the photo above are an example of PVC and flexible PEX pipes. The PEX pipe has been colored coded – representing the cold and hot water intakes for a sking or other.
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Joints
Notes:
- Copper pipe can be joined using compression joints. These are tightened up with spanners and use an olive to help seal the joint. PTFE tape is also recommended. Alternatively, pushfit joints can be used. Your copper pipe simply slides into these and locks in place. They are the easiest for the DIY plumber although also the most expensive option.
- The standard joint for copper pipes is solder. This is the cheapest option and the one that the professionals use. However, it needs to be approached with caution. The joint must be dry and heated to the right temperature to ensure the solder is sucked in and fills the joint completely. Too hot or too cold and the joint may leak.
- PEX pipes generally use compression joints although it is possible to utilize a pushfit joint. However, if you’re using pushfit or compression joints you’ll need to add inserts to the inside of the PEX pipe. This will ensure it is strong enough to be clamped into position without buckling and leaking.
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Valves
Notes:
- Valves are always compression joints and can be used with PEX or copper pipes. These are an essential part of your plumbing system as they allow you to shut off the water supply. That’s useful if you develop a leak or need to adjust something.
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Understanding water intake and values: [ scroll back up ]
- you need to understand where the key water-intake valves are located in the event of a leak or fix
- the values are usually tucked under the plumbing appliances such as a sink or toilet
- you can shut off the water to the appliance by turning the valve to the off position
- the most important valve is at the home’s water intake source coming in from the city water line or water well
- you need to know it’s location in the event of a major break or leak
- the location is where the house plumbing begins – generally in the basement, crawl space, covey hold or other
- it is also smart to know where the shutoff valve is for the city or well water source.
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| HOW TO: find main shut off valve | |
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| YOUTUBE: how find main water valve | |
| YOUTUBE: how shut water at curb | |
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The layout
Notes:
- Knowing which types of pipe your system has means you can keep a few spare parts handy. However, understanding your plumbing pipes also means knowing the layout of your system.
- Water comes in at the main supply valve and should go to a central point before running off to the various appliances in the home. It also needs to go to the water heater, from there it can also feed to all the necessary appliances.
- Drawing the plumbing system means you’ll know where all the pipes are located, making it much easier to figure out and resolve any issue.
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| HOW DO: municipal sewer systems work | |
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